作者：周显根     2016-12-28

【内容提要】  本文从浮动抵押的特性入手，指出了律师在从事浮动抵押法律实务操作中应把握的事项及其相关阶级的具体做法，以便律师为浮动抵押当事人提供优质法律服务，确保浮动抵押权顺利实现，以保障浮动抵押权人的利益。

关键词：浮动抵押   法律实务

《物权法》第181条规定：经当事人书面协议，企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者可以将现有的以及将有的生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品抵押，债务人不履行到期债务或发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，债权人有权就实现抵押时的动产优先受偿。该条就浮动抵押人的主体、客体、抵押权实现等作了明确规定。由于浮动抵押制度在我国是新生事物，是《物权法》创式的新型抵押担保方式；它诞生，有力地促进流动资产的经济流转效率，有利于扩大企业的融资能力。鉴于浮动抵押标的具有浮动性、价值的不确定性等特性，本文试从律师实务角度，就如何完善浮动抵押法律实务、顺利协助抵押权人实现抵押权作些探讨，以求教于同行。

一、律师在签订浮动抵押合同前的法律实务

律师在当事人签订浮动抵押合同前，应根据浮动抵押的特性，协助抵押权人开展法律风险和现实风险可行性分析，这是抵押权人决定是否签订浮动抵押合同的关键所在。律师协助抵押权人进行可行性分析，应着重从以下几方面展开：

（一）法律风险可行性分析

虽然《物权法》第181条规定许可企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者可就生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品等四类财产设定浮动抵押，但律师在协助抵押权人办理浮动抵押业务前，应当向抵押权人释明浮动抵押存在的法律风险，该法律风险包括但不限于：

1.浮动抵押财产的法律风险。由于浮动抵押财产具有浮动性的本质特征，因而，存在抵押权人对浮动抵押财产现实监督的困难；抵押人完全有可能滥用其权利，非法转移、变更财产，使抵押权人在行使抵押权时存在无法实现的可能。

2.其他优先担保物权的法律风险。在签订浮动抵押合同后，抵押人有可能在个别财产或全部财产上为其他债权人设定等于或优先于浮动抵押权人的担保物权，导致抵押权人设定的浮动抵押权无法得到充分实现。

3.合同无效的法律风险。浮动抵押可能会因抵押人的法律规避行为如用享有留置权的动产设定抵押、未用生产性的动产设定抵押，在此情况下，有可能导致抵押合同无效的情形。

4.抵押人本身的法律风险。在我国，存在许多个体工商户挂名情形，他们有可能不是《物权法》规定的真正意义上的个体工商户；同时对《物权法》规定的农业生产经营者如何界定，法律没有给出明确的规定。

（二）现实可行性分析

在法律风险可行性分析基础上，如果抵押权人意向接受抵押人用浮动财产进行抵押担保，作为律师应当帮助抵押权人进行现实可行性分析，该现实可行性分析包括但不限于：

1.抵押权人业务人员自身的专业程度；包括该专业人员否知晓浮动抵押的基本法律知识；能否充分了解浮动抵押财产的特性及该动产价值创造能力；能否了解设定浮动抵押财产用于生产经营活动的产业政策导向及市场动态等。

2.根据抵押人用作抵押的浮动财产，能否判断抵押人初步信用状况并能根据抵押人信用状况，从专业角度提出抵押人的资产和信用调查报告。

3.根据抵押人提供的动产抵押资料，能否初步核实抵押人的资产权属状态及其今后拟取得财产的能力，其权属取得是否合法、足额。

4.根据抵押人提供的资料，能否确定抵押人产权是否明晰，管理、经营是否有序，是否有一定的自由资金，负债率是否较低，产品成长性是否较好，产品销售资金回笼是否及时，有无不良记录等。

二、律师在草拟、审查浮动抵押合同中的法律实务

根据《物权法》第181条规定，浮动抵押合同必须以书面形式为要件。《物权法》第185条、《担保法》第39条就抵押合同应当具备的条款在法律上作了指示性规定。就目前而言，《担保法》规定的各种抵押担保方式，各抵押权人均有完整的格式合同文本。因浮动抵押有其特殊性，不可能按一般抵押合同进行操作，因而作为律师，在草拟、审查浮动抵押合同时，有必要根据浮动抵押的特殊性，把握浮动抵押关键问题，为抵押权人提供相对完善的合同。律师在草拟、审查浮动抵押合同时，应着重抓好以下几方面合同内容：

（一）明确浮动抵押人主体范围。《物权法》第181条规定，浮动抵押人主体仅是企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者。故根据该条规定，在浮动抵押合同中，下列主体不属于浮动抵押人：

1.取得营业许可的企业分支机构、办事机构。

2.虽以个人名义从事经营活动但未取得个体工商户营业许可证书的公民个人。

3.未从事农业生产经营的农村和城镇农民个人。

（二）确定浮动抵押标的物范围。根据《物权法》第181条规定，可以作为浮动抵押财产仅是浮动抵押人所有的现有或将有的生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品等四类动产；这就排除了下列财产不能成为浮动抵押合同的标的物：

1.非生产类动产包括但不限于办公设备、生活用具、低值易耗品、库存待处理积压半成品、成品。

2.仅可行使留置权而不享有所有权的动产如定作产品。

3.租赁动产。

4.寄售动产。

5.代购代销动产。

6.应收债权。

7.处置浮动抵押财产收益等。

（三）把握浮动抵押标的物权属界定标准。律师在审查浮动抵押标的物范围基础上，必须确定可以作为浮动抵押标的物的财产，必须是抵押人所有的财产，为此，有必要要求抵押人在合同签订时或在签订合同后，提供相关证明资料，以确保抵押人财产来源有相应合法的凭证，为抵押权人顺利实现抵押权创造条件。该资料范围包括但不限于：

1.财产权属取得的依据资料如合同、发票。

2.对将来拟取得权属的动产，应当提供合同依据或相应的对价依据或取得所有权成就条件依据如融资租赁动产、出卖人保留所有权的动产。

3.会计明细帐目，以确保抵押权了解把握浮动抵押标的物的变更、变动等情况。

（四）确定浮动抵押标的物的价值范围。由于浮动抵押制度许可抵押人在浮动抵押期间，对其所有的浮动抵押财产在正常生产经营过程中可以进行处置，为此，《物权法》第189条第2款已作规定即“依照本法第181条规定抵押的，不得对抗正常经营活动中已支付合理价款并取得财产的买受人”；因而，可以作为浮动抵押的财产，不但其形态时常发生变化，而且其价值也正常发生增减，因而有必要在浮动抵押合同明确：

1.签订浮动抵押时浮动抵押财产的价值状况。

2.在浮动抵押期间，如浮动抵押财产发生形态、价值变化、变更等情形，抵押权人可否要求抵押人就其浮动抵押财产发生变动时进行补充，以保持浮动抵押财产适度的价值范围。

（五）确定浮动抵押动产的种类及其范围。许多学者认为：设定浮动抵押，无需制作财产目录清单，这仅是对浮动抵押财产具体情况而言，因为作为浮动抵押财产，因其处于变动状态，故制作具体详尽清单，完全不具有现实性。但《物权法》第181条规定可以作为浮动抵押的财产有四大类，该四类财产，既可以单独抵押，也可以合并抵押，因而，律师在具体实务操作中，应明确浮动抵押财产的种类及其范围是很有必要的，如生产设备类财产，应明确用于何种产品生产的设备；原材料、半成品、成品，也应如此；确定浮动抵押财产类别清单，也是《物权法》第185条规定的基本要求，因为《物权法》第185条要求当事人在抵押合同中载明抵押财产的名称、数量、质量、状况、所在地、所有权或使用权归属。

（六）限制性条款的设定。设定限制性条款，其目的是为了保障抵押权人的利益。在浮动抵押合同中，限制性条款应当包括以下几方面内容：

1.已设定浮动抵押的财产可否就个别财产或全部财产设定等同于或其他优先担保物权，这涉及到对抵押权人利益保护强弱问题。

2. 设定抵押人在处置包括因生效的法律文书被执行浮动抵押财产时，抵押权人是否要求抵押人实行适时报告制度，这涉及到抵押权人在行使抵押权时确定的财产状况。

（七）实现浮动抵押权约定事项的确定。《物权法》第181条规定：债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，债权有权就实现抵押权时的动产优先受偿。该法第196条规定：依照本法第181条规定设定抵押的，抵押财产自下列情形之一发生时确定：一是债务履行期届满，债权未实现；二是抵押人被宣告破产或被撤销；三是当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形；四是严重影响债权实现的其他情形。依据前述法律规定，在浮动抵押合同中，当事人可自行约定实现抵押权的情形，该约定情形包括但不限于：

1.抵押人在正常经营过程中以明显不合理的价格处置浮动抵押财产或以无偿方式转让或以馈赠方式处置或对对价格回收方式存在明显的不合理。

2.违反限制性条款设定，在浮动抵押财产上设定等同于或其他优先担保物权或违反合同中对浮动抵押财产价值状态的约定。

3.抵押人发生合并、分立、被兼并或进行股份制改造而对浮动抵押合同中的抵押债权未作妥善安排的。

4.抵押人的经营方式发生重大变化如实行承包经营、租赁经营，有可能影响抵押权人实现抵押权的。

5.抵押人转换经营方向的，导致浮动抵押的财产无法正常使用或正常生产。

6.抵押人的股权或高层人事发生重大变动而影响企业正常经营活动的。

7.抵押人转让非浮动抵押财产，导致浮动抵押财产处于闲置、停滞或不能正常使用；抵押人转移财产或抽逃资金的。

8.抵押人歇业、解散、被停业整顿、被吊销营业执照或注销的。

9.抵押人因从事违法活动或涉及重大诉讼、财务状况恶化、市场等原因，导致生产经营出现严重困难的。

10.因国家产业政策调整，导致抵押人无法经营或产生经营困难的。

11.其他影响抵押人生产经营行为，有可能导致抵押权人实现抵押权的。

（八）约定实现浮动抵押权的途径。《物权法》第195规定了抵押权实现的途径即协议实现和诉讼实现方式。鉴于浮动抵押财产的特殊性，当事人可以在合同中约定，对浮动抵押的财产，在抵押权人行使抵押权时，可由抵押权派遣代管人，以便抵押权人了解抵押人的财务帐目状况，及时盘点抵押人的财产或对抵押人的财产继续进行运营，以提高浮动抵押财产价值的增值，确保抵押权的充分实现，这也是许多实行浮动抵押的国家立法或司法实践中普遍做法。

三、律师在浮动抵押合同签订后的法律实务

律师在当事人签订浮动抵押合同后，并非随着当事人合同签订而完毕，律师在当事人履行浮动抵押合同过程中，还存在相应的法律实务，该法律实务包括但不限于：

（一）协助抵押权人检查抵押人是否按合同规定提供了财产权属证明及相关财务资料。

（二）根据浮动抵押合同规定，在抵押人按约提供完毕资料后，及时协助抵押权人审查抵押人提供的财产权属依据是否合理有据并根据《物权法》第189条规定，向抵押人所在地的工商行政管理部门办理浮动抵押合同登记手续。

（三）根据浮动抵押合同规定，协助抵押权人检查抵押人是否在正常营业活动中处置浮动抵押财产；如发现抵押人在正常营业活动中，未按规定处置浮动抵押财产，应及时协助抵押权人向抵押人发出书面警告函，要求抵押人予以纠正；同时检查抵押人在浮动抵押合同履行期间，是否向抵押权人依据合同规定采取了适时报告制度并对抵押人的报告情况进行核实。

（四）如抵押人在履行浮动抵押合同过程中，发生了法定或浮动抵押合同中规定的实现抵押权情形，应及时协助抵押权人固定浮动抵押财产并要求抵押权人和抵押人对浮动抵押财产以签署清单方式列示固定；同时就实现抵押权的途径展开协商。

（五）因发生实现抵押权情形在双方协商不成的情况下，及时协助抵押权人利用司法救济措施，如诉前保全、提起诉讼等。

四、结语

浮动抵押制度是在英美判例法之中孕育产生，它的生命在于效率。随着我国市场经济的发展、资本市场的发育，《物权法》以立法方式对该担保制度予以确定，为企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者的融资活动增添了新的活力；律师作为法律的实践者和操作者，应积极参与该制度的架构设计和实务操作，以确保浮动抵押具体担保方式交易合法安全，以弥补或避免因法律规定不足所带来的缺陷。

参考书目

1.徐冬根.范锡琴.融资浮动担保中的限制性条款研究（1）.《政法大学学报》2005年5月第23卷第3期

2.陈本寒.财团抵押、浮动抵押与我国企业担保制度的完善.《现代法学》1998年第4期

3.扬小涛.引入全面业务抵押制度解决小企业融资难问题.中国信合街网

4.李曙峰.《担保与抵押》.三联书店（香港）有限公司1993年版

5.黄松有主编.《中华人民共和国物权法》条文理解与适用.2007年3月第1版

Author: Zhou Xiangen 2016-12-28

[Abstract] Starting from the characteristics of floating charge, this paper points out the matters that lawyers should grasp in the legal practice of floating charge and the specific practices of the relevant classes, so that lawyers can provide high-quality legal services for floating charge parties, ensure the smooth realization of floating charge, and protect the interests of floating mortgagee.

Key words: floating charge legal practice

Article 181 of the Property Law stipulates that, upon the written agreement of the parties, enterprises, self-employed businesses, and agricultural production operators may mortgage existing or to be existing production equipment, raw materials, semi-finished products, and products. If the debtor fails to pay due debts or the parties agree to realize the mortgage right, the creditor has the right to have priority in the payment of the movable property when the mortgage is realized. This article clearly stipulates the subject, object and realization of mortgage of the floating mortgagor. As the floating charge system is a new thing in China, it is a new type of mortgage guarantee created by the Property Law; It was born to effectively promote the economic circulation efficiency of current assets and help expand the financing capacity of enterprises. In view of the floating nature and uncertainty of value of the subject matter of floating charge, this paper tries to discuss how to improve the legal practice of floating charge and smoothly assist the mortgagee to realize the mortgage from the perspective of lawyer practice, in order to teach the peers.

1、 Legal practice of lawyers before signing floating charge contracts

Before the parties sign the floating charge contract, lawyers should assist the mortgagee to carry out legal risk and practical risk feasibility analysis according to the characteristics of the floating charge, which is the key for the mortgagee to decide whether to sign the floating charge contract. The lawyer shall assist the mortgagee in carrying out feasibility analysis from the following aspects:

（1） Legal risk feasibility analysis

Although Article 181 of the Property Law stipulates that licensed enterprises, self-employed businesses and agricultural production operators can set floating mortgages on four types of property, including production equipment, raw materials, semi-finished products and products, lawyers should explain the legal risks of floating mortgages to the mortgagee before assisting the mortgagee in handling floating mortgage business. The legal risks include but are not limited to:

1. Legal risk of floating mortgage property. Due to the floating nature of the floating mortgaged property, it is difficult for the mortgagee to supervise the floating mortgaged property; It is entirely possible for the mortgagor to abuse his rights and illegally transfer or change his property, which makes it impossible for the mortgagee to exercise the mortgage right.

2. Legal risks of other priority security interests. After signing the floating mortgage contract, the mortgagor may set a security interest equal to or prior to the floating mortgagee for other creditors on individual property or all property, resulting in the inability to fully realize the floating mortgage set by the mortgagee.

3. Legal risk of contract invalidity. The floating charge may be set as mortgage by the mortgager's evasion of law, such as using the chattels with lien and not using the productive chattels. In this case, the mortgage contract may be invalid.

4. The legal risk of the mortgagor itself. In our country, there are many individual businesses in the name, and they may not be the real individual businesses specified in the Property Law; At the same time, the law does not give clear provisions on how to define agricultural production operators as stipulated in the Property Law.

（2） Realistic feasibility analysis

On the basis of legal risk feasibility analysis, if the mortgagee intends to accept the mortgagor's mortgage guarantee with floating property, as a lawyer, he should help the mortgagee to carry out a realistic feasibility analysis, which includes but is not limited to:

1. The professional level of the mortgagee's business personnel; Including whether the professional knows the basic legal knowledge of floating charge; Can you fully understand the characteristics of the floating mortgage property and the value creation ability of the movable property; Can you understand the industrial policy guidance and market dynamics of floating mortgage property for production and operation activities.

2. Whether the preliminary credit status of the mortgagor can be judged according to the floating property used as collateral by the mortgagor, and whether the mortgagor's asset and credit investigation report can be proposed from a professional perspective according to the mortgagor's credit status.

3. According to the movable property mortgage information provided by the mortgagor, whether the mortgagor's asset ownership status and its ability to acquire property in the future can be preliminarily verified, and whether the ownership acquisition is legal and sufficient.

4. According to the information provided by the mortgagor, can we determine whether the mortgagor has clear property rights, orderly management and operation, certain free funds, low debt ratio, good product growth, timely withdrawal of product sales funds, and bad records.

2、 Legal Practice of Lawyers in Drafting and Examining Floating Mortgage Contracts

According to Article 181 of the Property Law, a floating charge contract must be in writing. Article 185 of the Property Law and Article 39 of the Guarantee Law have made directive provisions on the terms that mortgage contracts should have. At present, each mortgagee has a complete standard contract text for various mortgage guarantee methods stipulated in the Guarantee Law. Because of the particularity of floating charge, it is impossible to operate according to the general mortgage contract. Therefore, as a lawyer, when drafting and reviewing the floating charge contract, it is necessary to grasp the key issues of floating charge according to the particularity of floating charge and provide a relatively complete contract for the mortgagee. When drafting and reviewing the floating charge contract, lawyers should focus on the following aspects:

（1） Clarify the scope of floating mortgagor. Article 181 of the Property Law stipulates that the subjects of floating mortgagors are only enterprises, self-employed businesses and agricultural production operators. Therefore, according to this article, in the floating charge contract, the following subjects are not floating mortgagors:

1. Branches and offices of enterprises that have obtained business licenses.

2. Individual citizens who engage in business activities in the name of individuals but have not obtained the business license for individual businesses.

3. Individual farmers in rural and urban areas who are not engaged in agricultural production and operation.

（2） Determine the scope of the subject matter of floating charge. According to Article 181 of the Property Law of the People's Republic of China, the property that can be used as a floating mortgage is only four types of movable property owned or to be owned by the floating mortgagor, including production equipment, raw materials, semi-finished products and products; This precludes the following properties from being the subject matter of a floating charge contract:

1. Non production movable property includes but is not limited to office equipment, living appliances, low value consumables, semi-finished products and finished products in stock to be disposed.

2. The movable property that can only exercise the lien and does not enjoy the ownership, such as customized products.

3. Leasing movable property.

4. Consignment of movable property.

5. Purchase and sale of movable property on a commission basis.

6. Creditor's rights receivable.

7. Income from disposal of floating mortgage property, etc.

（3） Grasp the definition standard of the real right of floating mortgage subject matter. On the basis of reviewing the scope of the subject matter of the floating charge, the lawyer must determine that the property that can be used as the subject matter of the floating charge must be the property owned by the mortgagor. For this reason, it is necessary to require the mortgagor to provide relevant evidentiary materials at the time of signing the contract or after signing the contract, so as to ensure that the mortgagor's property source has corresponding legal vouchers and create conditions for the mortgagee to successfully realize the mortgage right. The scope of the data includes but is not limited to:

1. The basis for obtaining property ownership, such as contracts and invoices.

2. For the movable property to be acquired in the future, the contract basis or corresponding consideration basis or the basis for obtaining the ownership achievement conditions, such as the movable property under financial lease and the movable property with ownership retained by the seller, shall be provided.

3. Detailed accounts shall be kept to ensure that the mortgage right can understand and grasp the changes and changes of the subject matter of the floating mortgage.

（4） Determine the value range of the subject matter of floating charge. As the floating charge system allows the mortgagor to dispose of all the floating charge property during the period of floating charge in the normal production and operation process, the second paragraph of Article 189 of the Property Law has stipulated that "if the mortgage is conducted in accordance with Article 181 of this Law, the buyer who has paid reasonable price and obtained property in normal business activities shall not be subject to the mortgage"; Therefore, the property that can be used as floating charge not only changes its form frequently, but also increases or decreases its value normally, so it is necessary to clarify in the floating charge contract:

1. The value of the floating mortgage property when signing the floating mortgage.

2. During the period of floating charge, if the form, value and change of the floating mortgaged property occur, can the mortgagee request the mortgagor to supplement when the floating mortgaged property changes, so as to maintain the appropriate value range of the floating mortgaged property.

（5） Determine the type and scope of floating mortgage movable property. Many scholars believe that it is not necessary to make a list of property directories when setting up a floating charge, which is only for the specific situation of floating charge property. As a floating charge property, it is not realistic to make a detailed list because it is in a changing state. However, Article 181 of the Property Law stipulates that there are four categories of property that can be used as floating mortgage. These four categories of property can be mortgaged separately or jointly. Therefore, it is necessary for lawyers to clarify the types and scope of floating mortgage property in specific practical operations, such as production equipment property, which equipment should be used for the production of which products; The same should be true for raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products; Determining the list of floating mortgage property categories is also a basic requirement specified in Article 185 of the Property Law, because Article 185 of the Property Law requires the parties to specify the name, quantity, quality, status, location, ownership or use right of the mortgaged property in the mortgage contract.

（6） Setting of restrictive clauses. The purpose of setting restrictive clauses is to protect the interests of the mortgagee. In the floating charge contract, the restrictive clauses should include the following aspects:

1. Whether the property with floating charge can be set equal to or other priority security interests for individual property or all property, which involves the protection of the interests of the mortgagee.

2. Whether the mortgagee requires the mortgagor to implement the timely reporting system when the mortgagee disposes of the floating mortgage property, including the floating mortgage property executed due to effective legal documents, involves the property status determined by the mortgagee when exercising the mortgage right.

（7） Realize the determination of the floating mortgage agreement. Article 181 of the Property Law stipulates that if the debtor fails to perform the due debt or the situation of realizing the mortgage agreed by the parties occurs, the creditor's right has the priority to be compensated for the movable property when realizing the mortgage. Article 196 of the Law stipulates that if a mortgage is created in accordance with Article 181 of the Law, the mortgaged property shall be determined when one of the following circumstances occurs: first, the debt performance period expires and the creditor's rights have not been realized; Second, the mortgagor is declared bankrupt or revoked; The third is the situation of realizing the mortgage agreed by the parties; Fourth, other circumstances that seriously affect the realization of creditor's rights. According to the above legal provisions, in a floating charge contract, the parties may agree on the circumstances for realizing the mortgage right on their own, including but not limited to:

1. The mortgagor disposes of the floating mortgage property at an obviously unreasonable price in the normal course of business, or transfers it free of charge or disposes of it as a gift, or has an obviously unreasonable way of recovering the price.

2. Violating the restrictive provisions, setting equivalent or other priority security interests on the floating mortgage property or violating the agreement on the value status of the floating mortgage property in the contract.

3. The mortgagor fails to properly arrange the mortgage claims in the floating charge contract due to merger, division, merger or shareholding reform.

4. Major changes in the mortgagor's business mode, such as contracting and leasing, may affect the mortgagee's realization of the mortgage.

5. If the mortgagor changes its business direction, the floating mortgage property cannot be used or produced normally.

6. The mortgagor's equity or senior personnel have undergone major changes that affect the normal business activities of the enterprise.

7. The mortgagor transfers the non floating mortgage property, which causes the floating mortgage property to be idle, stagnant or unable to be used normally; The mortgagor transfers property or withdraws funds.

8. The mortgagor is closed down, dissolved, suspended for rectification, whose business license is revoked or cancelled.

9. The mortgagor has serious difficulties in production and operation due to illegal activities or major litigation, deterioration of financial situation, market and other reasons.

10. The mortgagor is unable to operate or has operating difficulties due to the adjustment of national industrial policies.

11. Other activities that affect the production and operation of the mortgagor and may lead to the realization of the mortgage right of the mortgagee.

（8） Agree on the way to realize the floating mortgage. Article 195 of the Property Law stipulates the ways to realize the mortgage, that is, the way to realize by agreement and the way to realize by litigation. In view of the particularity of the floating mortgaged property, the parties can agree in the contract that the mortgagee can send a custodian to the floating mortgaged property when the mortgagee exercises the mortgage, so that the mortgagee can understand the financial account status of the mortgagor, timely check the mortgagor's property or continue to operate the mortgagor's property, so as to increase the value of the floating mortgaged property and ensure the full realization of the mortgage, This is also a common practice in the legislation or judicial practice of many countries that implement floating charge.

3、 Lawyers' legal practice after signing the floating charge contract

After the parties signed the floating charge contract, the lawyer did not complete with the signing of the contract. In the process of the parties' performance of the floating charge contract, the lawyer still has the corresponding legal practice, which includes but is not limited to:

（1） Assist the Mortgagee to check whether the Mortgagor has provided the property ownership certificate and relevant financial information in accordance with the contract.

（2） According to the provisions of the floating charge contract, after the mortgagor has provided the materials according to the contract, timely assist the mortgagee to review whether the property ownership basis provided by the mortgagor is reasonable and valid, and according to Article 189 of the Property Law, go through the registration procedures of the floating charge contract with the local industrial and commercial administrative department where the mortgagor is located.

（3） Assist the mortgagee to check whether the mortgagor disposes of the floating mortgage property in normal business activities according to the provisions of the floating mortgage contract; If it is found that the mortgagor fails to dispose the floating mortgage property as required in the normal business activities, it shall timely assist the mortgagee to send a written warning letter to the mortgagor, requiring the mortgagor to correct it; At the same time, check whether the mortgagor has adopted a timely reporting system to the mortgagee according to the provisions of the contract and verified the report of the mortgagor during the performance of the floating charge contract.

（4） If the mortgagor has realized the mortgage right specified in the statutory or floating mortgage contract in the process of performing the floating mortgage contract, it shall timely assist the mortgagee to fix the floating mortgage property and require the mortgagee and the mortgagor to list and fix the floating mortgage property in a signed list; At the same time, the way to realize the mortgage was negotiated.

（5） In the event that the two parties fail to reach an agreement due to the realization of the mortgage right, timely assist the mortgagee in taking judicial relief measures, such as pre litigation preservation, litigation, etc.

4、 Conclusion

The floating charge system was born in the Anglo American case law, and its life lies in efficiency. With the development of market economy and capital market in China, the Property Law has confirmed the guarantee system in a legislative way, which has added new vitality to the financing activities of enterprises, self-employed businesses and agricultural production operators; As a practitioner and operator of the law, lawyers should actively participate in the structural design and practical operation of the system, so as to ensure the legality and safety of the specific security transactions of floating charge, and to make up for or avoid the defects caused by insufficient legal provisions.

Bibliography

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3. Yang Xiaotao. Introducing a comprehensive business mortgage system to solve the financing difficulties of small enterprises. China Xinhe Street Network

4. Li Shufeng, Guarantee and Mortgage, Sanlian Bookstore (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd., 1993

5. Huang Songyou, chief editor. Understanding and application of the provisions of the Property Law of the People's Republic of China. The first edition in March 2007