最高人民法院公布10起弘扬社会主义核心价值观典型案例

培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，是推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的战略任务。人民法院作为国家审判机关，担负着执法办案、定分止争、惩恶扬善、维护正义的重要使命。通过审判执行工作，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，促进全社会不断提高社会主义核心价值观建设水平，是人民法院义不容辞的责任。为深入贯彻落实中共中央《关于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的意见》和习近平总书记关于社会主义核心价值观的重要论述精神，最高人民法院继发布《关于在人民法院工作中培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的若干意见》后，又精选了10起弘扬社会主义核心价值观典型案例，并用通俗易懂的语言、简明扼要的风格，对基本案情、法律依据、弘扬价值作了提炼。这10起案例分别从家庭美德、社会公德、公序良俗、友善互助、诚信经营、诚信诉讼、诚实守法、环境公益等不同角度体现和弘扬了社会主义核心价值观的价值目标、价值取向、价值准则。为充分发挥司法裁判对社会价值的重要示范引领作用，进一步促进全社会积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，现将这10起典型案例予以公布。

案例一：刘某诉刘某某、周某某共有房屋分割案

弘扬的价值：家庭美德

孝敬父母，是中国社会传承几千年的重要家庭伦理道德。父母为子女含辛茹苦，将子女培养成人，子女长大后理应善待父母，为他们营造安定的生活环境。本案中，父母为购房支付了大部分房款，并从子女利益考虑，让女儿占有房屋产权90%的份额，但作为女儿，原告刘某却意图将父母占有的份额转让给自己，从而占有房屋的全部份额，损害了父母的利益，人民法院依法不予支持。

【基本案情】

原告刘某系两被告的独生女。2012年11月，原、被告共同购买重庆市某小区的房屋一套，大部分房款由两被告支付，双方就房屋产权约定原告占90%份额，两被告各占5%份额。该房是两被告的唯一居住房屋。后原、被告双方因房屋装修产生矛盾，原告向法院提起诉讼，请求判决将两被告所占房屋产权份额转让给原告所有，原告补偿两被告房屋款2.8万元。被告认为该房屋主要是自己出资购买，不同意向原告转让产权份额。人民法院经审理认为，虽然本案讼争房屋系原告和两被告按份共有，并约定原告占房屋产权90%的份额，但两被告与原告系父母子女关系，双方以居住为目的购房，两被告支付了大部分房款，并出于对子女的疼爱，将90%产权登记在原告名下。现原告要求被告转让产权份额，但被告不同意。依物权法第七条之规定，原告要求父母将所占房屋份额转让于己的诉求与善良风俗、传统美德不符，依法不予支持。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国物权法》

第七条物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。

案例二：“北燕云依”诉某派出所拒绝办理户口登记案

弘扬的价值：公序良俗

公民行使姓名权，应当符合法律规定，不得损害公序良俗。本案原告的父母在为其办理户口登记时，取名“北燕云依”，既未随父姓或母姓，也没有其他正当理由。公安机关拒绝对“北燕云依”进行户口登记，符合法律规定，恪守了公序良俗的要求，维护了正常社会管理秩序，得到了人民法院的依法支持。

【基本案情】

吕某、张某两夫妻在决定为女儿取名为“北燕云依”后，吕某前往某派出所为女儿申请办理户口登记，该派出所依照法律规定和法定程序，拒绝为其办理户口登记。吕某认为此行政行为侵犯其女儿的姓名权，遂以其女儿“北燕云依”的名义提起了行政诉讼，请求确认被告拒绝以“北燕云依”为姓名办理户口登记的行政行为违法。人民法院经审理认为，根据《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于〈中华人民共和国民法通则〉第九十九条第一款、〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉第二十二条的解释》的规定，公民行使姓名权，应当尊重社会公德，不得损害社会公共利益。在父母姓氏之外选取其他姓氏，应有不违反公序良俗的正当理由。本案原告“北燕云依”并不符合上述规定的情形，故判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。

【法律指引】

《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于〈中华人民共和国民法通则〉第九十九条第一款、〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉第二十二条的解释》

公民依法享有姓名权。公民行使姓名权，还应当尊重社会公德，不得损害社会公共利益。

公民原则上应当随父姓或者母姓。有下列情形之一的，可以在父姓和母姓之外选取姓氏：

（一）选取其他直系长辈血亲的姓氏；

（二）因由法定扶养人以外的人扶养而选取扶养人姓氏；

（三）有不违反公序良俗的其他正当理由。

少数民族公民的姓氏可以从本民族的文化传统和风俗习惯。

案例三：周某诉某公安分局拖延履行法定职责案

弘扬的价值：社会公德

“文明健身、和谐生活”，既是社会主义精神文明的体现，也是法治精神的体现。广大群众积极参加健身活动，有利身心健康，增强体魄，但不能因此损害他人的合法权益。本案原告周某因社区居民在其楼下跳广场舞，严重影响生活安宁，向某公安分局报案处理未果后提起行政诉讼。人民法院依法判决该公安分局对周某的报案作出行政处理。本案也提醒广大群众：强身健体，也要尊重他人权利，这样才能真正保证健身的“幸福指数”，提升和谐共处的“文明指数”。

【基本案情】

原告周某居住在长沙市某社区，部分社区居民经常在晚上8点左右到其楼下的人行道上跳广场舞，音响器材音量过大，严重影响其安静生活。周某报警要求某公安分局依法进行处理。某公安分局接警后，多次到现场劝说跳舞居民将音响音量调小，或者更换跳舞场地，但一直未有明显效果。此后，原告向人民法院起诉，要求某公安分局依法处理。人民法院经审理认为，某公安分局对于原告报警所称的部分居民在原告楼下跳广场舞并使用音响器材这一行为是否存在违法事项，是否需要进行行政处罚等实质问题并未依法予以认定，遂判决某公安分局依法对周某的报案作出处理。判决生效后，该公安分局又数次对跳舞的人们进行劝解、教育，并加强与当地社区的合作，引导广场舞队转移至距离原处百米之外的空坪上。原告所住的社区也在政府部门的积极协调和支持下，与长沙某汽车站达成一致，将在车站附近建设一块专门用于广场舞等娱乐活动的健身场所，既避免噪音扰民，又给跳舞健身爱好者自由活动的场所。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》

第五十八条违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，由公安机关给予警告，可以并处罚款：……（二）违反当地公安机关的规定，在城市市区街道、广场、公园等公共场所组织娱乐、集会等活动，使用音响器材，产生干扰周围生活环境的过大音量的……

《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》

第七条国务院公安部门负责全国的治安管理工作。县级以上地方各级人民政府公安机关负责本行政区域内的治安管理工作。

治安案件的管辖由国务院公安部门规定。

第五十八条违反关于社会生活噪声污染防治的法律规定，制造噪声干扰他人正常生活的，处警告；警告后不改正的，处二百元以上五百元以下罚款。

案例四：张某等诉杨某继承纠纷案

弘扬的价值：友善互助

“远亲不如近邻”。邻里关系是人们生活中的重要关系，邻里之间互帮互助，是我国社会的优良传统和善良风俗。倡导、培育和维护良好的邻里关系，是互相关照、互相理解、和谐相处的社区建设的重要内容。本案中，杨某的父亲长期受到张某夫妇及其儿子的照顾，杨某的父亲将其房产遗赠给张某的儿子，于法有据，于情合理，人民法院依法予以支持。

【基本案情】

原告张某夫妇及其子与被告杨某的父亲是邻居关系。自上世纪五十年代以来，张某夫妇给予杨某父亲很多照顾，双方一直相处较好，往来较多。杨某多年未与父亲来往，直至2011年11月，才取得联系，并探望了父亲。此后，杨某父亲在住院期间，口头表示将其房屋遗赠给张某的儿子，并有多位证人在场证明。2012年3月，杨某父亲去世。后原、被告因杨某父亲的遗产继承问题发生诉讼，人民法院依法判决杨某父亲的房屋归张某的儿子所有，其他财产由杨某继承。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国继承法》

第五条继承开始后，按照法定继承办理；有遗嘱的，按照遗嘱继承或者遗赠办理；有遗赠扶养协议的，按照协议办理。

第二十五条继承开始后，继承人放弃继承的，应当在遗产处理前，作出放弃继承的表示。没有表示的，视为接受继承。

受遗赠人应当在知道受遗赠后两个月内，作出接受或者放弃受遗赠的表示。到期没有表示的，视为放弃受遗赠。

案例五：杨某诉某财产保险股份有限公司意外伤害保险合同纠纷案

弘扬的价值：诚实守信

诚实信用原则是民商事活动的基本原则。保险公司的提示、说明义务，是在保险合同领域贯彻诚实信用原则的基本要求。本案被告保险公司就保险合同中的免责条款，未尽到提示和说明义务，应当依法承担保险责任。

【基本案情】

2013年，杨某在某财产保险股份有限公司（以下简称保险公司）处购买了两份“添安愉快”卡式保单，并按照该卡背面“本卡采用电话激活方式”的提示激活了该卡。2014年，杨某因交通事故受伤，被鉴定为九级伤残。杨某遂将保险公司诉至人民法院，要求其按照保单约定支付全额保险金及意外医疗住院补助，共计16万余元。保险公司辩称，应当按照保险合同附带的《人身保险残疾程度与保险金给付比例表》（下称《给付比例表》）的标准，按比例进行赔付，而非全额赔付。一审法院经审理认为，保险公司有法定义务对其提供的格式条款中的免责条款进行提示和明确说明。“添安愉快”卡式保险合同所附带《给付比例表》属于减轻、免除保险公司责任的格式条款。保单背面载明“本卡采用电话激活方式”，但在该卡销售环节以及电话激活流程设置中，均无法体现保险公司已经对相关免责条款进行了提示和明确说明，故判决被告按约定全额赔付保险金和意外医疗住院补助。二审法院在明法释理的基础上，促成了双方当事人的调解，由被告一次性赔付原告近14万元。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国保险法》

第十七条订立保险合同，采用保险人提供的格式条款的，保险人向投保人提供的投保单应当附格式条款，保险人应当向投保人说明合同的内容。

对保险合同中免除保险人责任的条款，保险人在订立合同时应当在投保单、保险单或者其他保险凭证上作出足以引起投保人注意的提示，并对该条款的内容以书面或者口头形式向投保人作出明确说明；未作提示或者明确说明的，该条款不产生效力。

《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国保险法〉若干问题的解释（二）》

第九条第一款保险人提供的格式合同文本中的责任免除条款、免赔额、免赔率、比例赔付或者给付等免除或者减轻保险人责任的条款，可以认定为保险法第十七条第二款规定的“免除保险人责任的条款”。

第十二条通过网络、电话等方式订立的保险合同，保险人以网页、音频、视频等形式对免除保险人责任条款予以提示和明确说明的，人民法院可以认定其履行了提示和明确说明义务。

第十三条保险人对其履行了明确说明义务负举证责任。

投保人对保险人履行了符合本解释第十一条第二款要求的明确说明义务在相关文书上签字、盖章或者以其他形式予以确认的，应当认定保险人履行了该项义务。但另有证据证明保险人未履行明确说明义务的除外。

案例六：张某诉某商贸有限责任公司买卖合同纠纷案

弘扬的价值：诚信经营

诚实守信不但是基本道德准则，也是市场活动应当遵循的基本原则。针对当前一些地方假冒伪劣产品屡禁不止的现象，应当旗帜鲜明地倡导、褒扬诚实守信，坚决谴责、制裁和打击不诚信行为，努力营造让人民群众“买的放心、吃的安心、用的顺心”的食品安全环境。本案被告出售“三无”食品，原告主张退还货款并支付货款十倍的惩罚性赔偿金，人民法院依法予以支持。

【基本案情】

张某先后在某商贸有限责任公司（以下简称商贸公司）处购买大瓶史记牌香油5瓶、小瓶史记牌香油47瓶，支付价款654元，商贸公司出具了购物发票。数月后，张某向某市食品药品监督管理局举报上述二种香油为“三无”食品。某市食品药品监督管理局经查证属实，对商贸公司因涉嫌经营“三无”食品给予行政处罚。之后，张某向人民法院起诉，要求商贸公司退还货款654元并支付货款十倍的赔偿金6540元。人民法院在查明事实的基础上，依法支持了张某的这一诉求。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国食品安全法》

第四条食品生产经营者对其生产经营食品的安全负责。

食品生产经营者应当依照法律、法规和食品安全标准从事生产经营活动，保证食品安全，诚信自律，对社会和公众负责，接受社会监督，承担社会责任。

第一百四十八条第二款生产不符合食品安全标准的食品或者经营明知是不符合食品安全标准的食品，消费者除要求赔偿损失外，还可以向生产者或者经营者要求支付价款十倍或者损失三倍的赔偿金；增加赔偿的金额不足一千元的，为一千元。但是，食品的标签、说明书存在不影响食品安全且不会对消费者造成误导的瑕疵的除外。

案例七：某船厂诉某船务有限公司船舶修理合同纠纷案

弘扬的价值：诚信诉讼

“诚者，天之道也”。诚实信用是中华民族的传统美德，是法治国家与法治社会建设的重要内容。本案双方当事人恶意串通，虚构债权债务关系，企图以诉讼方式侵害他人合法权益，进行虚假诉讼，人民法院依法驳回其诉讼请求，并对当事人处以罚款。

【基本案情】

原告某船厂起诉被告某船务有限公司拖欠船舶维修费380万元，请求法院判令被告支付船舶维修款、违约金共431.85万元。在案件审理过程中，人民法院发现诸多疑点，依法调取证据后查明，原、被告恶意串通，虚构船舶维修的事实，共同伪造有关证据，企图损害他人合法权益，构成虚假诉讼，遂判决驳回原告的诉讼请求，并依法对原、被告各处罚款人民币20万元。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》

第十三条第一款民事诉讼应当遵循诚实信用原则。

第一百一十二条当事人之间恶意串通，企图通过诉讼、调解等方式侵害他人合法权益的，人民法院应当驳回其请求，并根据情节轻重予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

案例八：金某伪证案

弘扬的价值：诚实守法

在诉讼中如实作证，作为每一个公民都应当履行的义务，是维护司法正常秩序，确保司法裁判公平公正的重要因素。虚假作证不但严重影响裁判结果的公正性，危害司法权威，而且直接侵害当事人合法权益，损害社会诚信建设。本案金某在诉讼中故意作伪证，严重违背诚实信用原则，违反了法律义务，受到了应有的刑事制裁。

【基本案情】

在公安机关侦查胡某涉嫌故意伤害案件过程中，被告人金某以证人身份，在接受侦查人员询问时，两次作出虚假证言，证明自己看见胡某往王某脸上殴打两拳，导致胡某先后被刑事拘留、逮捕，并被移送起诉。金某接受检察人员询问时，推翻了以前关于自己看见胡某殴打王某的证言，承认自己在公安机关侦查期间作了伪证。人民法院认为，金某在刑事诉讼过程中，对与案件有重要关系的情节，故意作虚假证明，意图陷害他人，其行为构成伪证罪。鉴于金某认罪态度较好，如实供述了自己的罪行，可从轻处罚，故判处其有期徒刑六个月。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国刑法》

第三百零五条在刑事诉讼中，证人、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人对与案件有重要关系的情节，故意作虚假证明、鉴定、记录、翻译，意图陷害他人或者隐匿罪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

案例九：高某诉上海某大学不授予学位案

弘扬的价值：诚实守规

诚实信用，是社会主义社会的重要核心价值，也是中华民族的优秀道德传统。对每一个人而言，诚信乃立身之本。本案原告高某作为在校大学生，是国家的未来建设者，在考试中作弊，不仅违背诚信原则，更违反了国家法律法规和学校的规定，学校对其作出不授予学位的处理，人民法院依法予以支持。

【基本案情】

高某系上海某大学本科生，因在考试中作弊，被学校给予行政记过处分，该门课程成绩无效。学校学位评定委员会因此决定对高某不授予学士学位。高某不服，向人民法院提起行政诉讼。人民法院经审理认为，高某因考试作弊被取消课程成绩，不符合授予学士学位的规定，被告学校学位评定委员会不授予高某学位，符合国家法律法规和学校的规定，遂判决驳回高某的诉讼请求。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国刑法》

第二百八十四条在法律规定的国家考试中，组织作弊的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或单处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

为他人实施前款犯罪提供作弊器材或者其他帮助的，依照前款的规定处罚。

为实施考试作弊行为，向他人非法出售或者提供第一款规定的考试的试题、答案的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

代替他人或者让他人代替自己参加第一款规定的考试的，处拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

《中华人民共和国学位条例》

第八条学士学位，由国务院授权的高等学校授予；硕士学位、博士学位，由国务院授权的高等学校和科学研究机构授予。

授予学位的高等学校和科学研究机构及其可以授予学位的学科名单，由国务院学位委员会提出，经国务院批准公布。

《普通高等学校学生管理规定》

第十六条学生严重违反考核纪律或者作弊的，该课程考核成绩记为无效，并由学校视其违纪或者作弊情节，给予批评教育和相应的纪律处分。给予留校察看及以下处分的，经教育表现较好，在毕业前对该课程可以给予补考或者重修机会。

案例十：某环保联合会诉某农化有限公司等环境污染责任纠纷案

弘扬的价值：环境公益

生态环境，是人们共同生存和生活的必要条件，良好的生态环境是全社会的共同福祉，是重要的社会公共利益。无论是日常生活，还是生产经营，都不得以破坏和牺牲生态环境为代价，否则就要依法承担法律责任。本案中，某农化有限公司等六被告长期将工业废物直接排进河道，污染了水流，造成了严重环境损害。环保组织提起环境公益诉讼，人民法院依法判决排污企业承担环境损害责任。

【基本案情】

某农化有限公司等六被告违反法律规定，将其生产过程中产生的废酸等危险废物以低价销售给无危险废物处理资质的主体，偷排进河流，导致水体污染，造成严重环境损害。某环保联合会提起环境公益诉讼，要求六被告承担相应的侵权责任。人民法院在查明案件事实的基础上，依法判决六被告支付相应的环境修复费用1.6亿余元和鉴定评估费用，并制定具体恢复环境的工作方案。

【法律指引】

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》

第六十五条因污染环境造成损害的，污染者应当承担侵权责任。

《中华人民共和国环境保护法》

第五十八条对污染环境、破坏生态，损害社会公共利益的行为，符合下列条件的社会组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼：

（一）依法在设区的市级以上人民政府民政部门登记；

（二）专门从事环境保护公益活动连续五年以上且无违法记录。

符合前款规定的社会组织向人民法院提起诉讼，人民法院应当依法受理。

提起诉讼的社会组织不得通过诉讼牟取经济利益。

《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》

第二十九条第一款禁止向水体排放油类、酸液、碱液或者剧毒废液。

The Supreme People's Court Announces 10 Typical Cases of Promoting Socialist Core Values

Cultivating and practicing the core socialist values is a strategic task to promote the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the Chinese Dream. As a national judicial organ, the People's Court is responsible for the important mission of law enforcement, case resolution, dispute resolution, punishing evil and promoting good, and maintaining justice. It is the unshirkable responsibility of the people's court to promote the socialist core values and promote the continuous improvement of the construction level of socialist core values throughout society through trial execution work.   A concise and concise style that refines the basic case, legal basis, and value promotion. These 10 cases respectively reflect and promote the value goals, value orientations, and value norms of socialist core values from different perspectives, such as family virtues, social ethics, public order and good customs, friendly mutual assistance, honest management, honest litigation, honesty and compliance with the law, and environmental public welfare. In order to fully leverage the important exemplary and leading role of judicial adjudication in social values, and further promote the active cultivation and practice of socialist core values by the whole society, these 10 typical cases are now announced.

Case 1: Liu v. Liu and Zhou for the division of a jointly owned house

Value Promoted: Family Virtue

Filial piety towards parents is an important family ethics and morality that has been passed down for thousands of years in Chinese society. Parents endure hardships for their children and cultivate them into adults. As children grow up, they should treat their parents well and create a stable living environment for them. In this case, the parents paid the majority of the purchase price for the house and, considering the interests of their children, allowed their daughter to own 90% of the property rights. However, as a daughter, the plaintiff Liu intended to transfer the parents' share to himself, thereby occupying the entire share of the house, damaging the interests of the parents. The people's court did not support this in accordance with the law.

【Basic Case】

The plaintiff Liu is the only daughter of the two defendants. In November 2012, the plaintiff and defendant jointly purchased a house in a certain community in Chongqing, and the majority of the house payment was made by the two defendants. Both parties agreed on the ownership of the house, with the plaintiff holding a 90% share and the two defendants each holding a 5% share. This room is the only residential property of the two defendants. Due to a conflict between the plaintiff and the defendant over the decoration of the house, the plaintiff filed a lawsuit with the court requesting a judgment to transfer the ownership of the house property rights held by the two defendants to the plaintiff. The plaintiff compensated the two defendants with a house payment of 28000 yuan. The defendant believes that the property was mainly purchased at their own expense and does not intend to transfer the ownership share to the plaintiff. After trial, the People's Court held that although the disputed property in this case was jointly owned by the plaintiff and the two defendants, and it was agreed that the plaintiff held a 90% share of the property rights, the two defendants had a relationship with the plaintiff's parents and children, and both parties purchased the house for the purpose of residence. The two defendants paid the majority of the house price and, out of their love for their children, registered 90% of the property rights under the plaintiff's name. The plaintiff now requests the defendant to transfer the share of property rights, but the defendant does not agree. According to Article 7 of the Property Law, the plaintiff's demand for parents to transfer their share of the house to themselves does not conform to good customs and traditional virtues, and is not supported by law.

【Legal Guidelines】

Property Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 7: The acquisition and exercise of property rights shall comply with the law, respect social morality, and shall not harm public interests or the legitimate rights and interests of others.

Case 2: "Beiyan Yunyi" v. a police station refusing to handle household registration

Value Promoted: Public Order and Good Customs

The exercise of the right of name by citizens shall comply with legal provisions and shall not harm public order and good customs. When the plaintiff's parents registered their household registration in this case, they named them "Beiyan Yunyi" and did not follow their father's or mother's surname, nor did they have any other legitimate reasons. The public security organs have refused to register the household registration of "Beiyan Yunyi", which complies with legal regulations, adheres to the requirements of public order and good customs, maintains normal social management order, and has received legal support from the people's court.

【Basic Case】

After deciding to name their daughter "Beiyan Yunyi", Lv and Zhang went to a police station to apply for household registration for their daughter. The police station refused to handle household registration for her in accordance with legal regulations and procedures. Lv believes that this administrative act infringes on his daughter's right to name, so he filed an administrative lawsuit in the name of his daughter "Beiyan Yunyi", requesting confirmation that the defendant's refusal to apply for household registration under the name of "Beiyan Yunyi" is illegal. After trial, the people's court held that, in accordance with the interpretation of Article 99 (1) of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China and Article 22 of the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, citizens exercising their right to name should respect social morality and not harm public interests. Choosing a surname other than the parents' surname should have legitimate reasons that do not violate public order and good customs. The plaintiff "Beiyan Yunyi" in this case does not meet the above requirements, so the judgment rejects the plaintiff's lawsuit request.

【Legal Guidelines】

Interpretation of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Article 99 (1) of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China and Article 22 of the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China

Citizens have the right to a name in accordance with the law. Citizens exercising their right to name should also respect social morality and not harm public interests.

In principle, citizens should follow their father's or mother's surname. If one of the following situations occurs, a surname can be selected outside of the father's and mother's surnames:

（1） Choose the surnames of other direct relatives by blood;

（2） Choosing the surname of a dependent due to being supported by someone other than the legal dependent;

（3） There are other legitimate reasons that do not violate public order and good customs.

The surnames of ethnic minority citizens can be derived from their own cultural traditions and customs.

Case 3: Zhou sued a certain public security bureau for delaying the performance of legal responsibilities

Value Promoted: Social Ethics

Civilized fitness and harmonious life are not only the embodiment of socialist spiritual civilization, but also the embodiment of the spirit of the rule of law. The active participation of the general public in fitness activities is beneficial for physical and mental health, and enhances physical fitness, but it cannot harm the legitimate rights and interests of others. The plaintiff in this case, Zhou, filed an administrative lawsuit after reporting to a public security bureau for failing to resolve the issue due to community residents dancing square dances downstairs, which seriously affected the peace of life. The people's court has ruled in accordance with the law that the public security bureau will make administrative handling of Zhou's report. This case also reminds the general public that in order to strengthen their physical fitness and respect the rights of others, we can truly ensure the "happiness index" of fitness and enhance the "civilization index" of harmonious coexistence.

【Basic Case】

The plaintiff Zhou resides in a community in Changsha City, and some community residents often dance square dances on the sidewalk downstairs around 8 pm. The sound equipment is too loud, seriously affecting their quiet life. Zhou reported to the police and demanded that a certain public security bureau handle it in accordance with the law. After receiving the alarm, a certain public security bureau repeatedly went to the scene to persuade dance residents to turn down the sound volume or change the dance venue, but there has been no significant effect. Afterwards, the plaintiff sued the people's court and demanded that a certain public security bureau handle it in accordance with the law. After trial, the people's court found that a certain public security bureau did not legally determine whether there were any illegal issues with the behavior of some residents dancing square dances and using audio equipment downstairs, as claimed by the plaintiff, and whether administrative penalties were required. Therefore, it ruled that a certain public security bureau would handle Zhou's report in accordance with the law. After the judgment came into effect, the public security bureau repeatedly advised and educated the dancers, and strengthened cooperation with the local community to guide the square dance team to move to an empty ground 100 meters away from its original location. The community where the plaintiff lives has also reached an agreement with a bus station in Changsha, with the active coordination and support of government departments, to build a fitness venue specifically for entertainment activities such as square dancing near the station, which not only avoids noise disturbance to the residents, but also provides a free activity space for dance and fitness enthusiasts.

【Legal Guidelines】

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution

Article 58: Those who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commit one of the following acts shall be given a warning and may also be fined by the public security organs:... (2) Those who, in violation of the regulations of the local public security organs, organize entertainment, gatherings, and other activities in public places such as streets, squares, and parks in urban areas, use sound equipment, and produce excessive volume that interferes with the surrounding living environment

Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security

Article 7: The public security department of the State Council is responsible for the management of public security throughout the country. The public security organs of local people's governments at or above the county level are responsible for the management of public security within their respective administrative regions.

The jurisdiction of public security cases shall be determined by the public security department of the State Council.

Article 58: Those who violate the legal provisions on the prevention and control of noise pollution in social life and create noise that interferes with the normal life of others shall be given a warning; Those who fail to correct after warning shall be fined not less than 200 yuan but not more than 500 yuan.

Case 4: Zhang et al. v. Yang's Inheritance Dispute Case

Promoted value: friendliness and mutual assistance

Far relatives are better than near neighbors. Neighborhood relationship is an important relationship in people's lives, and mutual assistance between neighbors is a fine tradition and kind custom in Chinese society. Advocating, cultivating, and maintaining good neighborhood relationships is an important part of community construction that takes care of, understands, and harmonizes with each other. In this case, Yang's father has been taken care of by Zhang and his son for a long time. Yang's father bequeathed his property to Zhang's son, which is based on legal evidence and reasonable circumstances, and is supported by the people's court in accordance with the law.

【Basic Case】

The plaintiff Zhang and his son are neighbors of the defendant Yang's father. Since the 1950s, Zhang and his wife have given Yang's father a lot of care, and both parties have been getting along well and have had more exchanges. Yang had no contact with his father for many years until November 2011, when he finally made contact and visited him. Afterwards, during his hospitalization, Yang's father verbally bequeathed his house to Zhang's son, and multiple witnesses were present to prove it. In March 2012, Yang's father passed away. The plaintiff and defendant filed a lawsuit over the inheritance of Yang's father's estate. The people's court ruled in accordance with the law that Yang's father's house belonged to Zhang's son, and other property was inherited by Yang.

【Legal Guidelines】

Inheritance Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 5: After the commencement of inheritance, it shall be handled in accordance with legal inheritance; If there is a will, it shall be handled according to testamentary inheritance or legacy; If there is a legacy maintenance agreement, it shall be handled in accordance with the agreement.

Article 25: After the commencement of inheritance, if the inheritor waives inheritance, they shall make a declaration of abandonment before the disposal of the estate. If there is no indication, it shall be deemed as acceptance of inheritance.

The legatee shall make an acceptance or abandonment of the legacy within two months after becoming aware of it. If there is no indication of expiration, it shall be deemed as a waiver of the legacy.

Case 5: Yang v. A Property Insurance Co., Ltd. Accident Insurance Contract Dispute Case

Promoted value: honesty and trustworthiness

The principle of honesty and credit is the fundamental principle of civil and commercial activities. The obligation of insurance companies to provide reminders and explanations is a fundamental requirement for implementing the principle of good faith in the field of insurance contracts. The defendant in this case, the insurance company, failed to fulfill the obligation to remind and explain the exemption clauses in the insurance contract, and should bear the insurance liability in accordance with the law.

【Basic Case】

In 2013, Yang purchased two "Tianan Happy" card style policies from a property insurance company (hereinafter referred to as the insurance company) and activated the card according to the prompt on the back of the card that "this card is activated by phone". In 2014, Yang was injured in a traffic accident and was identified as a Level 9 disability. Yang sued the insurance company to the people's court, demanding that it pay the full amount of insurance benefits and accidental medical hospitalization subsidies in accordance with the policy agreement, totaling over 160000 yuan. The insurance company argues that compensation should be made proportionally, rather than in full, in accordance with the standards of the "Table of Disability Degree and Insurance Benefit Payment Proportions" (hereinafter referred to as the "Table of Payment Proportions") attached to the insurance contract. The first instance court held that insurance companies have a legal obligation to provide reminders and clear explanations of the exemption clauses in the standard terms provided by them. The "Payment Ratio Table" attached to the "Tian'an Happy" card insurance contract is a standard clause for reducing or exempting the liability of the insurance company. On the back of the policy, it is stated that "this card is activated by phone", but in the sales process and phone activation process settings of the card, it cannot be reflected that the insurance company has provided prompt and clear explanations for the relevant exemption clauses. Therefore, the defendant is judged to pay the full insurance benefits and unexpected medical hospitalization subsidies as agreed. On the basis of clear legal interpretation, the second instance court facilitated mediation between both parties, with the defendant compensating the plaintiff for nearly 140000 yuan in a lump sum.

【Legal Guidelines】

Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 17: If an insurance contract is concluded using the format terms provided by the insurer, the application form provided by the insurer to the policyholder shall be accompanied by the format terms, and the insurer shall explain the content of the contract to the policyholder.

For the clauses in the insurance contract that exempt the insurer from liability, the insurer shall make sufficient reminders on the application form, insurance policy, or other insurance documents to draw the attention of the policyholder when signing the contract, and provide a clear explanation of the content of the clauses to the policyholder in written or oral form; If there is no prompt or clear explanation, this clause shall not have any effect.

Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China (II)

The clauses in the format contract text provided by the insurer in the first paragraph of Article 9 that exempt or reduce the insurer's liability, such as liability exemption clauses, deductible amounts, deductible ratios, proportional compensation or benefits, can be recognized as "clauses that exempt the insurer's liability" as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 17 of the Insurance Law.

Article 12: If an insurance contract is concluded through the internet, telephone, or other means, and the insurer provides a reminder and clear explanation of the exemption clause from the insurer's liability through web pages, audio, video, or other forms, the people's court may determine that it has fulfilled the obligation of reminder and clear explanation.

Article 13: The insurer shall bear the burden of proof for fulfilling its obligation to clearly state.

If the policyholder signs, seals, or confirms in other forms that the insurer has fulfilled the clearly stated obligation in accordance with the requirements of Article 11 (2) of this interpretation on relevant documents, it shall be deemed that the insurer has fulfilled this obligation. Except where there is other evidence to prove that the insurer has not fulfilled the obligation of clear explanation.

Case 6: Zhang v. A Trading Co., Ltd. Sales Contract Dispute Case

The Value Promoted: Integrity Management

Honesty and trustworthiness are not only basic moral principles, but also fundamental principles that market activities should follow. In response to the current phenomenon of repeated bans on counterfeit and inferior products in some places, we should clearly advocate and praise honesty and trustworthiness, firmly condemn, sanction and crack down on dishonest behavior, and strive to create a food safety environment that allows the people to "buy with peace of mind, eat with peace of mind, and use with ease". The defendant in this case sold the "three no" food, and the plaintiff claimed to refund the payment and pay ten times the punitive damages, which the people's court supported in accordance with the law.

【Basic Case】

Zhang successively purchased 5 large bottles of Shiji brand sesame oil and 47 small bottles of Shiji brand sesame oil from a certain trading limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as the trading company), paying a price of 654 yuan. The trading company issued a shopping invoice. A few months later, Zhang reported the two types of sesame oil mentioned above to the Food and Drug Administration of a certain city as "three no" food. The Food and Drug Administration of a certain city has verified and imposed administrative penalties on a trading company for suspected operation of "three no" food. Afterwards, Zhang filed a lawsuit with the people's court, demanding that the trading company refund the payment of 654 yuan and pay a compensation of 6540 yuan ten times the payment. On the basis of finding out the facts, the people's court supported Zhang's claim in accordance with the law.

【Legal Guidelines】

Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 4: Food producers and operators are responsible for the safety of their food production and operation.

Food producers and operators shall engage in production and business activities in accordance with laws, regulations, and food safety standards, ensure food safety, be honest and self-disciplined, be responsible to society and the public, accept social supervision, and bear social responsibility.

Article 148 (2): If a consumer produces food that does not meet food safety standards or knowingly operates food that does not meet food safety standards, in addition to demanding compensation for losses, they may also demand compensation from the producer or operator for ten times the price or three times the loss; If the amount of additional compensation is less than one thousand yuan, it shall be one thousand yuan. However, the exception is for defects in the labels and instructions of food that do not affect food safety and do not mislead consumers.

Case 7: Dispute over Ship Repair Contract between a Shipyard and a Shipping Co., Ltd

Value Promoted: Integrity Litigation

Sincerity is the way of heaven. Honesty and credibility are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and an important part of the construction of a rule of law country and a rule of law society. The two parties involved in this case maliciously colluded, fabricated the debt and debt relationship, and attempted to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of others through litigation, engaging in false litigation. The people's court rejected their litigation request in accordance with the law and imposed a fine on the parties involved.

【Basic Case】

The plaintiff, a shipyard, sued the defendant, a shipping limited company, for a delay of 3.8 million yuan in ship maintenance fees, and requested the court to order the defendant to pay a total of 4.3185 million yuan in ship maintenance fees and liquidated damages. During the trial of the case, the people's court discovered various suspicious points and after obtaining evidence in accordance with the law, it was found that the plaintiff and defendant maliciously colluded, fabricated the fact of ship maintenance, jointly forged relevant evidence, attempted to harm the legitimate rights and interests of others, and constituted a false lawsuit. Therefore, the court rejected the plaintiff's lawsuit request and imposed a fine of RMB 200000 on both the plaintiff and defendant in accordance with the law.

【Legal Guidelines】

Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 13, Paragraph 1: Civil litigation shall follow the principle of good faith.

Article 112: If the parties collude maliciously and attempt to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others through litigation, mediation, or other means, the people's court shall reject their request and impose fines or detention based on the severity of the case; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued in accordance with the law.

Case 8: Jin's Perjury Case

Promoted value: honesty and law-abiding

Testifying truthfully in litigation, as an obligation that every citizen should fulfill, is an important factor in maintaining normal judicial order and ensuring fairness and impartiality in judicial decisions. False testimony not only seriously affects the fairness of the judgment results and endangers judicial authority, but also directly infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and damages the construction of social integrity. In this case, Jin intentionally gave false evidence in the lawsuit, seriously violating the principle of honesty and credibility, violating legal obligations, and receiving due criminal sanctions.

【Basic Case】

During the investigation of Hu's suspected intentional injury case by the public security organs, the defendant Jin, as a witness, gave false testimony twice during questioning by investigators, proving that he saw Hu punching Wang twice in the face, resulting in Hu being criminally detained, arrested, and transferred for prosecution. When Jin was questioned by prosecutors, he overturned his previous testimony that he saw Hu beating Wang and admitted that he had given false testimony during the investigation by the public security organs. The People's Court believes that during the criminal litigation process, Jin intentionally provided false evidence with the intention of framing others for circumstances that are important to the case, and his behavior constitutes the crime of perjury. Given that Jin had a good attitude of confession and truthfully confessed his crimes, he was sentenced to six months in prison with a lighter punishment.

【Legal Guidelines】

Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 305: In criminal proceedings, if a witness, expert witness, recorder, or translator intentionally provides false proof, appraisal, recording, or translation of circumstances that are important to the case, with the intention of framing others or concealing criminal evidence, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

Case 9: Gao sued a university in Shanghai for not granting degrees

Promoted Value: Honesty and Compliance

Honesty and credibility are important core values of socialist society and also an excellent moral tradition of the Chinese nation. For everyone, honesty is the foundation of standing. The plaintiff in this case, Gao, as a college student and a future builder of the country, cheated in the exam, which not only violated the principle of integrity, but also violated national laws and regulations and the school's regulations. The school made a decision not to confer a degree on him, which was supported by the people's court in accordance with the law.

【Basic Case】

Gao, an undergraduate student from a university in Shanghai, was given an administrative demerit by the school for cheating in the exam, and the course grades were invalid. The school's degree evaluation committee has therefore decided not to award a bachelor's degree to Gao. Gao refused and filed an administrative lawsuit with the people's court. After trial, the people's court found that Gao's course grades were cancelled due to cheating in the exam, which did not meet the requirements for granting a bachelor's degree. The defendant's school's degree evaluation committee did not grant Gao's degree, which was in accordance with national laws and regulations and the school's regulations. Therefore, the court ruled to dismiss Gao's lawsuit request.

【Legal Guidelines】

Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 284: Those who organize cheating in national exams prescribed by law shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also, or shall only, be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined.

Whoever provides cheating equipment or other assistance for others to commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Those who illegally sell or provide the exam questions or answers specified in the first paragraph to others for the purpose of cheating in exams shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.

Those who replace others or allow others to participate in the exams specified in the first paragraph on their behalf shall be sentenced to detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined.

Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Academic Degrees

Article 8: The bachelor's degree shall be conferred by higher education institutions authorized by the State Council; Master's and doctoral degrees are conferred by higher education institutions and scientific research institutions authorized by the State Council.

The list of higher education institutions and scientific research institutions that can confer degrees, as well as the disciplines that can confer degrees, shall be proposed by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and approved for publication by the State Council.

Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Higher Education Institutions

Article 16: If a student seriously violates the assessment discipline or cheats, the assessment results of the course shall be recorded as invalid, and the school shall give criticism, education, and corresponding disciplinary sanctions based on the violation or cheating circumstances. Those who are subject to probation or other disciplinary measures and have performed well in education may be given the opportunity to retake or retake the course before graduation.

Case 10: A dispute over environmental pollution liability between a certain environmental protection federation and an agricultural chemical limited company

Value Promoted: Environmental Public Welfare

The ecological environment is a necessary condition for people to survive and live together. A good ecological environment is the common welfare of the whole society and an important social public interest. Whether in daily life or production and operation, it is not allowed to damage or sacrifice the ecological environment at the cost, otherwise legal responsibility must be borne in accordance with the law. In this case, a certain agricultural chemical limited company and six other defendants discharged industrial waste directly into the river channel for a long time, polluting the water flow and causing serious environmental damage. Environmental protection organizations file environmental public interest lawsuits, and the people's court has ruled in accordance with the law that polluting enterprises shall bear the responsibility for environmental damage.

【Basic Case】

A certain agricultural chemical limited company and six other defendants violated legal regulations by selling hazardous waste such as waste acid generated during its production process at low prices to entities without hazardous waste treatment qualifications, and illegally discharged them into rivers, causing water pollution and serious environmental damage. A certain environmental protection federation has filed an environmental public interest lawsuit, demanding that the six defendants bear corresponding tort liability. On the basis of identifying the facts of the case, the people's court ruled in accordance with the law that the six defendants should pay more than 160 million yuan in corresponding environmental restoration fees and appraisal and evaluation fees, and formulated specific work plans for environmental restoration.

【Legal Guidelines】

Tort Liability Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 65: If damage is caused by environmental pollution, the polluter shall bear the liability for infringement.

Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 58: Social organizations that meet the following conditions may bring a lawsuit to the people's court for acts that pollute the environment, damage ecology, or harm public interests:

（1） Register with the civil affairs department of the people's government at or above the municipal level in accordance with the law;

（2） Specialized in environmental protection public welfare activities for more than five consecutive years without any illegal records.

If a social organization that meets the provisions of the preceding paragraph brings a lawsuit to the people's court, the people's court shall accept it in accordance with the law.

Social organizations that file lawsuits shall not seek economic benefits through litigation.

Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China

The first paragraph of Article 29 prohibits the discharge of oils, acids, alkalis, or highly toxic waste liquids into water bodies.